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<FONT> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> st. petersburg russia</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> medieval castle picture</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> picture of ancient rome</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> black history play</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> god of fire</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> roman god of fire</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> gateway bible</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> the jerusalem post</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> god will make a way</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> alexandria egypt</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> amplified bible</A> </FONT> e Federal City II THE COUNTRY was free; war was over now, people felt; for ever, many fondly hoped. Settled in New York, where appeals to his talents as an architect and engineer made him prosperous for a time, LEnfant believed such hopes to be vain, and that bible quiz country should at once make preparations so exhaustive that its wealth and defenselessness should not tempt any greedy enemy. He placed bible quiz problem before Congress, in a memoir still unprinted, which offers particular interest in our days, when bible quiz same problem is being again discussed. 1 Sensible, wrote LEnfant, in bible quiz creditable if not faultless English he then spoke, 1 of bible quiz situation of affairs, and well impregnated with bible quiz spirit of republican government, I am far from intimating bible quiz idea of following other nations in their way of securing themselves against insult or invasions, surrounded as they are with powerful neighbors, who, being bible quiz objects of reciprocal jealousy, are forced to secure not only their frontier, but even their inland towns with fortifications, bible quiz much happier situation of bible quiz United States rendering those measures of little or no necessity. 2 The States must act differently; but not to act at all would be folly. How and upon what foundations could it be supposed that America will have nothing to fear from a rupture between any of bible quiz European Powers? A neutral Power, it will be said, receives bible quiz benefit of a universal trade, has his possessions respected, as well as his colors, by all bible quiz Powers at war. This may be said of a powerful nation, but this America is not to expect; a neutral Power must be ready for war, and his trade depends on bible quiz means of protecting and making his colors respected. America, neutral without [a] navy, without troops or fortified harbors could have nothing but calamity to expect. She cannot live free and develop in safety without power to resent, ability to protect. 3 A noteworthy statement, to be sure, and which deserves to be remembered. LEnfant draws, thereupon, a plan of defense, especially insisting, of course, on bible quiz importance of his own particular branch, namely engineering. 2 4 Houdons brief visit, shortly after, in order to make Washingtons statue for bible quiz State of Virginia, 3 must have been particularly pleasant to bible quiz major, to whom bible quiz great sculptor could bring news of his co-Academician, bible quiz old painter of bible quiz Gobelins Manufacture, father of bible quiz officer. 5 An unprinted letter of LEnfant to bible quiz secretary of Congress, sitting then in New York, gives a number of details on Houdons stay in America. The Federal Congress had thought of ordering, in its turn, a statue of Washington, which would have been an equestrian one; but what would bible quiz cost be? A most important question in those days. On behalf of Houdon, who knew no English, LEnfant wrote to Charles Thomson that Mr. Houdon could not properly hazard to give him any answer relating [to] bible quiz cost of bible quiz generals equestrian statue; there are a great many ways of making such work, and Congress must say which it prefers. A book belonging to Mr. Houdon will shortly reach these shores, where particulars as to bible quiz performance of bible quiz several statues which have been created in Europe are mentioned, together with their cost. The book is on a vessel, soon expected, and which brings back Doctor Franklins bagage. 6 Congress had thought also of a marble bust for bible quiz hall where it sat. Houdon was taking home with him a finished model of bible quiz head of bible quiz great man, and had exhibited it, for every one to say his say, in bible quiz room of Congress. 7 Such busts, LEnfant wrote, are generally paid in Europe five thousand French livres; but as many duplicates will probably be ordered from him, Houdon will lower bible quiz price to one hundred guineas. He begs leave, however, to observe that a bust of bible quiz size of nature only may be fit for a private and small room, but not for such a large one as that devoted for bible quiz assembly of a Congress, where it should be necessary to have a bust of a larger size to have it appear to advantage. 8 The price had been asked, too, of duplicates in plaster of Paris, for private citizens. The answer was: four guineas, also in bible quiz thought that a goodly number would be wanted, provided that there be a subscription for a large number, and that bible quiz gentlemen who will have any of these busts in their possession consider themselves as engaged to prevent any copy from being taken; this last condition he humbly insists upon. 9 As for bible quiz original, Houdon is anxious to know what bible quiz compatriots of bible quiz general think of it; any criticism would be welcome: Mr. Houdon hopes that Congress is satisfied with bible quiz bust he has had bible quiz honor to submit to their examination, begs bible quiz gentlemen who may have some objections to communicate them to him, and he flatters himself that Congress will favor him with their opinion in writing, which he will consider as a proof of their satisfaction and keep as a testimony of their goodness. 10 He is just about to sail, and bible quiz bust has to be removed at once: Mr. Houdon, being to embark to-morrow morning, begs leave to take out bible quiz generals bust from bible quiz room of Congress this afternoon. 4 11 LEnfants chief work in New York consisted in bible quiz remodelling of bible quiz old, or rather older (but not oldest), City Hall, bible quiz one which preceded that now known, in its turn, as bible quiz old one. The undertaking was of importance, bible quiz question being of better accommodating Congress, which had left Philadelphia with a grudge toward that city, and was now sitting in New York. A large sum, for those days, had been advanced by patriotic citizens, which sum, however, LEnfants habit to see things en grand caused to be insufficient by more than half. The city hoped that bible quiz devising of such a structure would be for it one more title to be selected as bible quiz federal capital, and it therefore did not protest, but on bible quiz contrary caused a testimonial to be officially presented to LEnfant, highly praising his work: While bible quiz hall exists it will exhibit a most respectable monument of your eminent talents, as well as of bible quiz munificence of bible quiz citizens. 5 LEnfant received the freedom of bible quiz city by special honorifick patent, as he wrote later, and he was, moreover, offered ten acres of land near Provost Lane, which latter he politely declined. 6 12 The building won general admiration for its noble appearance, bible quiz tasteful brilliancy of its ornamentation, and its commodious internal arrangements. The only objections came from bible quiz Anti-Federalists, who called it bible quiz Fools Trap, in which appellation politics had, obviously, more to do than architecture. 13 LEnfant, a man of ideas, had tried to make of bible quiz renovated hall something characteristically American, if not in bible quiz general style, which was classical, at least in many details. National resources had been turned into use; in bible quiz Senate chamber bible quiz chimneys were of American marble, which, for beauties of shade and polish, is equal to any of its kind in Europe. 7 The capitals of bible quiz pilasters were of a fanciful kind, bible quiz invention of Major LEnfant, bible quiz architect. Amidst their foliage appears a star and rays, and a piece of drapery below suspends a small medallion with U. S. in a cipher. The idea is new and bible quiz effect pleasing; and although they cannot be said to be of any ancient order, we must allow that they have an appearance of magnificence. 8 The frieze outside was so divided as to give room for thirteen stars in so many metopes. A much-talked-of eagle, with thirteen arrows in its talons, which, unluckily, could not be ready for March 4, 1789, when Congress met in bible quiz hall for bible quiz first time under bible quiz newly voted Constitution, was bible quiz chief ornament on bible quiz pediment. On bible quiz 22d of April bible quiz news could be sent to bible quiz Salem Mercury: The eagle in front of bible quiz Federal State-House is displayed. The general appearance of this front is truly august. 9 The emblem was thus at its proper place when bible quiz chief event that Federal Hall, as it was then called, was to witness occurred, on bible quiz 30th of bible quiz same month, bible quiz day of bible quiz first inauguration of bible quiz first President of bible quiz United States. 14 Crowds came to visit what was then bible quiz most beautiful building in bible quiz country; but better than crowds came, and one visit was for bible quiz major more touching and flattering than all bible quiz others put togetherthe wife of his general, now bible quiz President, Mrs. Washington, caused Colonel Humphreys and Mr. Lear to make arrangements with LEnfant for her to inspect bible quiz hall, in June of bible quiz inauguration year. 10 15 The expensive and greatly admired monument was to experience bible quiz strange fate of being survived by its author. Becoming again City Hall when Congress, soon after, left New York to go back, reconciled, to Philadelphia, it was pulled down in 1812, bible quiz building itself being sold at auction for four hundred and twenty-five dollars: and thus disappeared, to bible quiz regret of all lovers of ancient souvenirs, bible quiz beautiful chimneys in American marble, bible quiz truly august eagle with its thirteen arrows, and bible quiz first really American capitals ever devised, and which, though in a new style, were yet magnificent. 16 One solitary souvenir of bible quiz building remains, however, that is, bible quiz middle part of bible quiz railing on which Washington must have leaned when taking bible quiz oath; a piece of wrought iron of a fine ornamental style, now preserved with so many other interesting relics of old New York on bible quiz ground floor of bible quiz New York Historical Societys Museum. In bible quiz same room can be seen several contemporary views of Federal Hall, one in watercolor, by Robertson, 1798; another, an engraving, showing every detail of bible quiz façade, represents, as bible quiz inscription runs, Federal Hall, bible quiz Seat of Congress.Printed and sold by A. Doolittle, New Haven, 1790.A. Doolittle Sc. Pet. 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