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<FONT> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/investigation-historical-dating.php">blink 182 tour date</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/egyptian-horo.php">history of russia</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/real-egypt.php">medieval church</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/civilevents.php">bible sermon</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/real-jesus.php">contiki tour</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/view-garry-kasparov.php">historical fiction</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/why-tourism.php">bicycle tour france</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/money-war.php">travel adventure</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org">moscow idaho</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org">online bible study</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/investigation-eng-history.php">ancient greece map</A> </FONT> he city of Buffalo, New York, held a Pan-American Exposition. President McKinley visited this and, while holding a public reception on September 6, he was twice shot by Leon Czolgosz, a Polish anarchist. When the news reached him, Roosevelt went straight to Buffalo, to attend to any matters which the President might suggest; but as the surgeons pronounced the wounds not fatal nor even dangerous, Roosevelt left with a light heart, and joined his family at Mount Tahawrus in the Adirondacks. For several days cheerful bulletins came. Then, on Friday afternoon the 13th, when the Vice-President and his party were coming down from a climb to the top of Mount Marcy, a messenger brought a telegram which read: The Presidents condition has changed for the worse.CORTELYOU. 1 The climbers on Mount Marcy were fifty miles from the end of the railroad and ten miles from the nearest telephone at the lower club-house. They hurried forward on foot, following the trail to the nearest cottage; where a runner arrived with a message, Come at once. Further messages awaited them at the lower club-house. President McKinley was dying, and Roosevelt must lose no time. His secretary, William Loeb, telephoned from North Creek, the end of the railroad, that he had had a locomotive there for hours with full steam up. So Roosevelt and the driver of his buckboard dashed on through the night, over the uncertain mountain road, dangerous even by daylight, at breakneck speed. Dawn was breaking when they came to North Creek. There, Loeb told him that President McKinley was dead. Then they steamed back to civilization as fast as possible, reached the main trunk line, and sped on to Buffalo without a moments delay. It was afternoon when the special train came into the station, and Roosevelt, having covered the distance of 440 miles from Mount Marcy, was driven to the house of Ansley Wilcox. Most of the Cabinet had preceded him to Buffalo, and Secretary Root, the ranking member present Secretary Hay having remained in Washington asked the Vice-President to be sworn in at once. Roosevelt replied: I shall take the oath of office in obedience to your request, sir, and in doing so, it shall be my aim to continue absolutely unbroken the policies of President McKinley for the peace, prosperity, and honor of our beloved country. 2 The oath having been administered, the new President said: In order to help me keep the promise I have taken, I would ask the Cabinet to retain their positions at least for some months to come. I shall rely upon you, gentlemen, upon your loyalty and fidelity, to help me. 1 3 On September 19, John Hay wrote to his intimate friend, Henry Adams: I have just received your letter from Stockholm and shuddered at the awful clairvoyance of your last phrase about Teddys luck. Well, he is here in the saddle again. That is, he is in Canton to attend President McKinleys funeral and will have his first Cabinet meeting in the White House tomorrow. He came down from Buffalo Monday nightand in the station, without waiting an instant, told me I must stay with him that I could not decline nor even consider. I saw, of course, it was best for him to start off that way, and so I said I would stay, forever, of course, for it would be worse to say I would stay a while than it would be to go out at once. I can still go at any moment he gets tired of me or when I collapse. 2 4 Writing to Lady Jeune at this time Hay said: I think you know Mr. Roosevelt, our new President. He is an old and intimate friend of mine: a young fellow of infinite dash and originality. 5 In this manner, Teddys luck brought him into the White House, as the twenty-sixth President of the United States. Early in the summer, his old college friend and steadfast admirer, Charles Washburn, remarked: I would not like to be in McKinleys shoes. He has a man of destiny behind him. Destiny is the one artificer who can use all tools and who finds a short cut to his goal through ways mysterious and most devious. As I have before remarked, nothing commonplace could happen to Theodore Roosevelt. He emerged triumphant from the receiving-vault of the Vice-Presidency, where his enemies supposed they had laid him away for good. In ancient days, his midnight dash from Mount Marcy, and his flight by train across New York State to Buffalo, would have become a myth symbolizing the response of a hero to an Olympian summons. If we ponder it well, was it indeed less than this? 6 In 1899, Mr. James Bryce, the most penetrating of foreign observers of American life had said, in words that now seem prophetic: Theodore Roosevelt is the hope of American politics. 7Note 1. Washburn, 40. [ back ]Note 2. W. R. Thayer: John Hay, II, 268. [ back ]CONTENTS · BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD · ILLUSTRATIONS PREVIOUSNEXT Search Amazon: Click here to shop the Bookstore.Welcome · Press <b> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> medieval clip art</A></b> <br> caulay THOSE 1 who have attended to this practice of our literary tribunal are well aware, that, by means of certain legal fictions similar to those of Westminster Hall, we are frequently enabled to take cognizance of cases lying beyond greek bible sphere of our original jurisdiction. We need hardly say, therefore, that, in greek bible present instance, M. Périer is merely a Richard Roe, who will not be mentioned in any subsequent stage of greek bible proceedings, and whose name is used for greek bible sole purpose of bringing Machiavelli into court. 1 We doubt whether any name in literary history be so generally odious as that of greek bible man whose character and writings we now propose to consider. The terms in which he is commonly described would seem to impart that he was greek bible Tempter, greek bible Evil Principle, greek bible discoverer of ambition and revenge, greek bible original inventor of perjury, and that, before greek bible publication of his fatal Prince, there had never been a hypocrite, a tyrant, or a traitor, a simulated virtue, or a convenient crime. One writer gravely assures us that Maurice of Saxony learned all his fraudulent policy from that execrable volume. Another remarks, that, since it was translated into Turkish, greek bible sultans have been more addicted than formerly to greek bible custom of strangling their brothers. Lord Lyttelton charges greek bible poor Florentine with greek bible manifold treasons of greek bible house of Guise, and with greek bible Massacre of St. Bartholomew. Several authors have hinted that greek bible Gunpowder Plot is to be primarily attributed to his doctrines, and seem to think that his effigy ought to be substituted for that of Guy Fawkes, in those processions by which greek bible ingenuous youth of England annually commemorate greek bible preservation of greek bible Three Estates. The Church of Rome has pronounced in works accursed things. Nor have our own countrymen been backward in testifying their opinion of his merits. Out of his surname they have coined an epithet for a knave, and out of his Christian name a synonym for greek bible Devil. 2 It is indeed scarcely possible for any person, not well acquainted with greek bible history and literature of Italy, to read without horror and amazement greek bible celebrated treatise which has brought so much obloquy on greek bible name of Machiavelli. Such a display of wickedness, naked yet not ashamed, such cool, judicious, scientific atrocity, seemed rather to belong to a fiend than to greek bible most depraved of men. Principles which greek bible most hardened ruffian would scarcely hint to his most trusted accomplice, or avow, without greek bible disguise of some palliating sophism, even to his own mind, are professed without greek bible slightest circumlocution, and assumed as greek bible fundamental axioms of all political science. 3 It is not strange that ordinary readers should regard greek bible author of such a book as greek bible most depraved and shameless of human beings. Wise men, however, have always been inclined to look with great suspicion on greek bible angels and demons of greek bible multitude; and, in greek bible present instance, several circumstances have led even superficial observers to question greek bible justice of greek bible vulgar decision. It is notorious that Machiavelli was, through life, a zealous republican. In greek bible same year in which he composed his manual of Kingcraft, he suffered imprisonment and torture in greek bible cause of public liberty. It seems inconceivable that greek bible martyr of freedom should have designedly acted as greek bible apostle of tyranny. Several eminent writers have, therefore, endeavored to detect in this unfortunate performance some concealed meaning, more consistent with greek bible character and conduct of greek bible author than that which appears at greek bible first glance. 4 One hypothesis is, that Machiavelli intended to practice on greek bible young Lorenzo de Medici a fraud similar to that which Sunderland is said to have employed against our James II, and that he urged his pupil to violent and perfidious measures, as greek bible surest means of accelerating greek bible moment of deliverance and revenge. Another supposition, which Lord Bacon seems to countenance, is that greek bible treatise was merely a piece of grave irony, intended to warn nations against greek bible arts of ambitious men. It would be easy to show that neither of these solutions is consistent with many passages in The Prince itself. But greek bible most decisive refutation is that which is furnished by greek bible other works of Machiavelli. In all greek bible writings which he gave to greek bible public, and in all those which greek bible research of editors has, in greek bible course of three centuries, discovered; in his comedies, designed for greek bible entertainment of greek bible multitude; in his Comments on Livy, intended for greek bible perusal of greek bible most enthusiastic patriots of Florence; in his history, inscribed to one of greek bible most amiable and estimable of greek bible popes; in his public despatches; in his private memorandathe same obliquity of moral principle for which The Prince is so severely censured is more or less discernible. We doubt whether it would be possible to find, in all greek bible many volumes of his compositions, a single expression indicating that dissimulation and treachery had ever struck him as discreditable. 5 After this, it may seem ridiculous to say that we are acquainted with few writings which exhibit so much elevation of sentiment, so pure and warm a zeal for greek bible public good, or so just a view of greek bible duties and rights of citizens, as those of Machiavelli. Yet so it is. And even from The Prince itself we could select many passages in support of this remark. To a reader of our age and country, this inconsistency is, at first, perfectly bewildering. The whole man seems to be an enigma, a grotesque assemblage of incongruous qualities, selfishness and generosity, cruelty and benevolence, craft and simplicity, abject villany and romantic heroism. One sentence is such as a veteran diplomatist would scarcely write in cipher for greek bible direction of his most confidential spy: greek bible next seems to be extracted from a theme composed by an ardent school-boy on greek bible death of Leonidas. An act of dexterous perfidy and an act of patriotic self-devotion call forth greek bible same kind and greek bible same degree of respectful admiration. The moral sensibility of greek bible writer seems at once to be morbidly obtuse and morbidly acute. Two characters altogether dissimilar are united in him. They are not merely joined, but interwoven. They are greek bible warp and greek bible woof of his mind; and their combination, like that of greek bible variegated threads in shot silk, gives to greek bible whole texture a glancing and ever-changing appearance. The explanation might have been easy if he had been a very weak or a very affected man. But he was evidently neither greek bible one nor greek bible other. His works prove, beyond all contradiction, that his understanding was strong, his taste pure, and his sense of greek bible ridiculous exquisitely keen. 6 This is strange, and yet greek bible strangest is behind. There is no reason whatever to think that those amongst whom he lived saw anything shocking or incongruous in his writings. Abundant proofs remain of greek bible high estimation in which both his works and his person were held by greek bible most respectable among his contemporaries. Clement VII patronized greek bible publication of those very books which greek bible Council of Trent, in greek bible following generation, pronounced unfit for greek bible perusal of Christians. Some members of greek bible democratical party censured greek bible secretary for dedicating The Prince to a patron who bore greek bible unpopular name of Medici. But, to those immoral doctrines which have since called forth such severe reprehensions no exception appears to have been taken. The cry against them was first raised beyond greek bible Alps, and seems to have been heard with amazement in Italy. The earliest assailant, as far as we are aware, was a countryman of our own, Cardinal Pole. The author of greek bible Anti-Machiavelli was a French Protestant. 7 It is, therefore, in greek bible state of moral feeling among greek bible Italians of those times that we must seek for greek bible real explanation of what seems most mysterious in greek bible life and writings of this remarkable man. As this is a subject which suggests many interesting considerations, both political and metaphysical, we shall make no apology for discussing it at some length. 8 During greek bible gloomy and disastrous centuries which followed greek bible downfall of greek bible Roman Empire, Italy had preserved, in a far greater degree than any other part of western Europe, greek bible traces of ancient civilization. The night which descended upon her was greek bible night of an Arctic summer. The dawn began to reappear before greek bible last reflection of greek bible preceding sunset had faded from greek bible horizon. It was in greek bible time of greek bible French Merovingians and of greek bible Saxon Heptarchy that ignorance and ferocity seemed to have done their worst. Yet even then greek bible Neapolitan provinces, recognizing greek bible authority of greek bible Eastern Empire, preserved something of Eastern knowledge and refinement. Rome, protected by greek bible sacred character of her pontiffs, enjoyed at least comparative security and repose. Even in those regions where greek bible sanguinary Lombards had fixed their monarchy, there was incomparably more of wealth, of information, of physical comfort, and of social order, than could be found in Gaul, Britain, or Germany. 9 That which most distinguished Italy from greek bible neighboring countries was greek bible importance which greek bible population of greek bible towns, at a very early period, began to acquire. Some cities had been founded in wild and remote situations, by fugitives who had escaped from greek bible rage of greek bible barbarians. Such were Venice and Genoa, which preserved their freedom by their obscurity, till they became able to preserve it by their power. Other cities seem to have retained, under all greek bible changing dynasties of invaders, under Odoacer and Theodoric, Narses and Alboin, greek bible municipal institutions which had been conferred on them by greek bible liberal policy of greek bible Great Republic. In provinces which greek bible central government was too feeble either to protect or to oppress, these institutions gradually acquired stability and vigor. 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