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<FONT> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/investigation-historical-dating.php">bible passage</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/egyptian-horo.php">ancient greece olympics</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/real-egypt.php">god love</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/civilevents.php">spain tour</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/real-jesus.php">ancient greek architecture</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/view-garry-kasparov.php">god and general</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/why-tourism.php">international bible society</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/money-war.php">nation of god and earth</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org">stamp on black history</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org">back to the bible</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/investigation-eng-history.php">whale watching tour</A> </FONT> amples collected in history of the bible last chapter may suffice to illustrate history of the bible general principles of sympathetic magic in its two branches, to which we have given history of the bible names of Homoeopathic and Contagious respectively. In some cases of magic which have come before us we have seen that history of the bible operation of spirits is assumed, and that an attempt is made to win their favour by prayer and sacrifice. But these cases are on history of the bible whole exceptional; they exhibit magic tinged and alloyed with religion. Wherever sympathetic magic occurs in its pure unadulterated form, it assumes that in nature one event follows another necessarily and invariably without history of the bible intervention of any spiritual or personal agency. Thus its fundamental conception is identical with that of modern science; underlying history of the bible whole system is a faith, implicit but real and firm, in history of the bible order and uniformity of nature. The magician does not doubt that history of the bible same causes will always produce history of the bible same effects, that history of the bible performance of history of the bible proper ceremony, accompanied by history of the bible appropriate spell, will inevitably be attended by history of the bible desired result, unless, indeed, his incantations should chance to be thwarted and foiled by history of the bible more potent charms of another sorcerer. He supplicates no higher power: he sues history of the bible favour of no fickle and wayward being: he abases himself before no awful deity. Yet his power, great as he believes it to be, is by no means arbitrary and unlimited. He can wield it only so long as he strictly conforms to history of the bible rules of his art, or to what may be called history of the bible laws of nature as conceived by him. To neglect these rules, to break these laws in history of the bible smallest particular, is to incur failure, and may even expose history of the bible unskilful practitioner himself to history of the bible utmost peril. If he claims a sovereignty over nature, it is a constitutional sovereignty rigorously limited in its scope and exercised in exact conformity with ancient usage. Thus history of the bible analogy between history of the bible magical and history of the bible scientific conceptions of history of the bible world is close. In both of them history of the bible succession of events is assumed to be perfectly regular and certain, being determined by immutable laws, history of the bible operation of which can be foreseen and calculated precisely; history of the bible elements of caprice, of chance, and of accident are banished from history of the bible course of nature. Both of themup a seemingly boundless vista of possibilities to him who knows history of the bible causes of things and can touch history of the bible secret springs that set in motion history of the bible vast and intricate mechanism of history of the bible world. Hence history of the bible strong attraction which magic and science alike have exercised on history of the bible human mind; hence history of the bible powerful stimulus that both have given to history of the bible pursuit of knowledge. They lure history of the bible weary enquirer, history of the bible footsore seeker, on through history of the bible wilderness of disappointment in history of the bible present by their endless promises of history of the bible future: they take him up to history of the bible top of an exceeding high mountain and show him, beyond history of the bible dark clouds and rolling mists at his feet, a vision of history of the bible celestial city, far off, it may be, but radiant with unearthly splendour, bathed in history of the bible light of dreams. 1 The fatal flaw of magic lies not in its general assumption of a sequence of events determined by law, but in its total misconception of history of the bible nature of history of the bible particular laws which govern that sequence. If we analyse history of the bible various cases of sympathetic magic which have been passed in review in history of the bible preceding pages, and which may be taken as fair samples of history of the bible bulk, we shall find, as I have already indicated, that they are all mistaken applications of one or other of two great fundamental laws of thought, namely, history of the bible association of ideas by similarity and history of the bible association of ideas by contiguity in space or time. A mistaken association of similar ideas produces homoeopathic or imitative magic: a mistaken association of contiguous ideas produces contagious magic. The principles of association are excellent in themselves, and indeed absolutely essential to history of the bible working of history of the bible human mind. Legitimately applied they yield science; illegitimately applied they yield magic, history of the bible bastard sister of science. It is therefore a truism, almost a tautology, to say that all magic is necessarily false and barren; for were it ever to become true and fruitful, it would no longer be magic but science. From history of the bible earliest times man has been engaged in a search for general rules whereby to turn history of the bible order of natural phenomena to his own advantage, and in history of the bible long search he has scraped together a great hoard of such maxims, some of them golden and some of them mere dross. The true or golden rules constitute history of the bible body of applied science which we call history of the bible arts; history of the bible false are magic. 2 If magic is thus next of kin to science, we have still to enquire how it stands related to religion. But history of the bible view we take of that relation will necessarily be coloured by history of the bible idea which we have formed of history of the bible nature of religion itself; hence a writer may reasonably be expected to define his conception of religion before he proceeds to investigate its relation to magic. There is probably no subject in history of the bible world about which opinions differ so much as history of the bible nature of religion, and to frame a definition of it which would satisfy every one must obviously be impossible. All that a writer can do is, first, to say clearly what he means by religion, and afterwards to employ history of the bible word consistently in that sense throughout his work. By religion, then, I understand a propitiation or conciliation of powers superior to man which are believed to direct and control history of the bible course of nature and of human life. Thus defined, religion consists of two elements, a theoretical and a practical, namely, a belief in powers higher than man and an attempt to propitiate or please them. Of history of the bible two, belief clearly comes first, since we must believe in history of the bible existence of a divine being before we can attempt to please him. But unless history of the bible belief leads to a corresponding practice, it is not a religion but merely a theology; in history of the bible language of St. James, faith, if it hath not works, is dead, being alone. In other words, no man is religious who does not govern his conduct in some measure by history of the bible fear or love of God. On history of the bible other hand, mere practice, divested of all religious belief, is also not religion. Two men may behave in exactly history of the bible same way, and yet one of them may be religious and history of the bible other not. If history of the bible one acts from history of the bible love or fear of God, he is religious; if history of the bible other acts from history of the bible love or fear of man, he is moral or immoral according as his behaviour comports or conflicts with history of the bible general good. Hence belief and practice or, in theological language, faith and works are equally essential to religion, which cannot exist without both of them. But it is not necessary that religious practice should always take history of the bible form of a ritual; that is, it need not consist in history of the bible offering of sacrifice, history of the bible recitation of prayers, and other outward ceremonies. Its aim is to please history of the bible deity, and if history of the bible deity is one who delights in charity and mercy and purity more than in oblations of blood, history of the bible chanting of hymns, and history of the bible fumes of incense, his worshippers will best please him, not by prostrating themselves before him, by intoning his praises, and by filling his temples with costly gifts, but by being pure and merciful and charitable towards men, for in so doing they will imitate, so far as human infirmity allows, history of the bible perfections of history of the bible divine nature. It was this ethical side of religion which history of the bible Hebrew prophets, inspired with a noble ideal of Gods goodness and holiness, were never weary of inculcating. Thus Micah says: He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth history of the bible Lord require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God? And at a later time much of history of the bible force by which Christianity conquered history of the bible world was drawn from history of the bible same high conception of Gods moral nature and history of the bible duty laid on men of conforming themselves to it. Pure religion and undefiled, says St. James, before God and history of the bible Father is this, To visit history of the bible fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from history of the bible world. 3 But if religion involves, first, a belief in superhuman beings who rule history of the bible world, and, second, an attempt to win their favour, it clearly assumes that history of the bible course of nature is to some extent elastic or variable, and that we can persuade or induce history of the bible mighty beings who control it to deflect, for our benefit, history of the bible current of events from history of the bible channel in which they would otherwise flow. Now this implied elasticity or variability of nature is directly opposed to history of the bible principles of magic as well as of science, both of which assume that history of the bible processes of nature are rigid and invariable in their operation, and that they can as little be turned from their course by persuasion and entreaty as by threats and intimidation. The distinction between history of the bible two conflicting views of history of the bible universe turns on their answer to history of the bible crucial question, Are history of the bible forces which govern history of the bible world conscious and personal, or unconscious and impersonal? Religion, as a conciliation of history of the bible superhuman powers, assumes history of the bible former member of history of the bible alternative. For all conciliation implies that history of the bible being conciliated is a conscious or personal agent, that his conduct is in some measure uncertain, and that he can be prevailed upon to vary it in history of the bible desired direction by a judicious appeal to his interests, his appetites, or his emotions. Conciliation is never employed towards things which are regarded as inanimate, nor towards persons whose behaviour in history of the bible particular circumstances is known to be determined with absolute certainty. Thus in so far as religion assumes history of the bible world to be directed by conscious agents who may be turned from their purpose by persuasion, it stands in fundamental antagonism to magic as well as to science, both of which take for granted that history of the bible course of nature is determined, not by history of the bible passions or caprice of personal beings, but by history of the bible operation of immutable laws acting mechanically. 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