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Treaty with France for the Cession of Louisiana, Concluded at Paris, April 30, 1803; Ratification Advised by Senate, October 20, 1803; Ratified by President October 21, 1803; Ratifications Exchanged at Washington October 21, 1803; Proclaimed October 21, 1803.THE PRESIDENT of the United States of America, and the First Consul of the French Republic, in the name of the French people, desiring to remove all source of misunderstanding relative to objects of discussion mentioned in the second and fifth articles of the convention of the 8th Vendémiaire, an 9 (30th September, 1800) relative to the rights claimed by the United States, in virtue of the treaty concluded at Madrid, the 27th of October, 1795, between His Catholic Majesty and the said United States, and willing to strengthen the union and friendship which at the time of the said convention was happily reestablished between the two nations, have respectively named their Plenipotentiaries, to wit: the President of the United States, [of America,] by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the said States, Robert R. Livingston, Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States, and James Monroe, Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary of the said States, near the Government of the French Republic; and the First Consul, in the name of the French people, Citizen Francis Barbe Marbois, Minister of the Public Treasury; who, after having respectively exchanged their full powers, have agreed to the following articles: 1 Article I Whereas by the article of the third of the treaty concluded at St. Idelfonso, the 90th Vendémiaire, an 9 (1st October, 1800,) between the First Consul of the French Republic and His Catholic Majesty, it was agreed as follows: His Catholic Majesty promises and engages on his part, to cede to the French Republic, six months after the full and entire execution of the conditions and stipulations herein relative to His Royal Highness the Duke of Parma, the colony or province of Louisiana, with the same extent that it now has in the hands of Spain, and that it had when France possessed it, and such as it should be after the treaties subsequently entered into between Spain and other States. And whereas, in pursuance of the treaty, and particularly of the third article, the French Republic has an incontestable title to the domain and to the possession of the said territory: The First Consul of the French Republic desiring to give to the United States a strong proof of his friendship, doth hereby cede to the said United States, in the name of the French Republic, forever and in full sovereignty, the said territory, with all its rights and appurtenances, as fully and in the same manner as they have been acquired by the French Republic, in virtue of the above-mentioned treaty, concluded with His Catholic Majesty. 2 Article II In the cession made by the preceding article are included the adjacent islands belonging to Louisiana, all public lots and squares, vacant lands, and all public buildings, fortifications, barracks and other edifices which are not private property. The archives, papers, and documents, relative to the domain and sovereignty of Louisiana and its dependences, will be left in the possession of the commissaries of the United States, and copies will be afterwards given in due form to the magistrates and municipal officers of such of the said papers and documents as may be necessary to them. 3 Article III The inhabitants of the ceded territory shall be incorporated in the Union of the United States, and admitted as soon as possible, according to the principles of the Federal Constitution, to the enjoyment of all the rights, advantages, and immunities of citizens of the United States; and in the meantime they shall be maintained and protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty, property, and the religion which they profess. 4 Article IV There shall be sent by the Government of France a commissary to Louisiana, to the end that he do every act necessary, as well to receive from the officers of His Catholic Majesty the said country and its dependences, in the name of the French Republic, if it has not been already done, as to transmit it in the name of the French Republic to the commissary or agent of the United States. 5 Article V Immediately after the ratification of the present treaty by the President of the United States, and in case that of the First Consul shall have been previously obtained, the commissary of the French Republic shall remit all military posts of New Orleans, and other parts of the ceded territory, to the commissary or commissaries named by the President to take possession; the troops, whether of France or Spain, who may be there shall cease to occupy any military post from the time of taking possession, and shall be embarked as soon as possible, in the course of three months after the ratification of this treaty. 6 Article VI The United States promise to execute such treaties and articles as may have been agreed between Spain and the tribes and nations of Indians, until, by mutual consent of the United States and the said tribes or nations, other suitable articles shall have been agreed upon. 7 Article VII As it is reciprocally advantageous to the commerce of France and the United States to encourage the communication of both nations for a limited time in the country ceded by the present treaty, until general arrangements relative to the commerce of both nations may be agreed on; it has been agreed between the contracting parties, that the French ships coming directly from France or any of her colonies, loaded only with the produce and manufactures of France or her said colonies; and the ships of Spain coming directly from Spain or any of her colonies, loaded only with the produce or manufactures of Spain or her colonies, shall be admitted during the space of twelve years in the port of New Orleans, and in all other legal ports of entry within the ceded territory, in the same manner as the ships of the United States coming directly from France or Spain, or any of their colonies, without being subject to any other or greater duty on merchandise, or other or greater tonnage than that paid by the citizens of the United States. 8 During the space of time above mentioned, no other nation shall have a right to the same privileges in the ports of the ceded territory; the twelve years shall commence three months after the exchange of ratifications, if it shall take place in France, or three months after it shall have been notified at Paris to the French Government, if it shall take place in the United States; it is however well understood that the object of the above article is to favor the manufactures, commerce, freight, and navigation of France and of Spain, so far as relates to the importations that the French and Spanish shall make into the said ports of the United States, without in any sort affecting the regulations that the United States may make concerning the exportation of the produce and merchandise of the United States, or any right they may have to make such regulations. 9 Article VIII In future and forever after the expiration of the twelve years, the ships of France shall be treated upon the footing of the most favoured nations in the ports above mentioned. 10 Article IX The particular convention signed this day by the respective ministers, having for its object to provide for the payment of debts due to the citizens of the United States by the French Republic prior to the 30th Septr., 1800, (8th Vendémiaire, and 9,) is approved, and to have its execution in the same manner as if it had been inserted in this present treaty; and it shall be ratified in the same form and in the same time, so that the one shall not be ratified distinct from the other. 11 Another particular convention signed at the same date as the present treaty relative to a definitive rule between the contracting parties is in the like manner approved, and will be ratified in the same form, and in the same time, and jointly. 12 Article X The present treaty shall be ratified in good and due form, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the space of six months after the date of the signature by the Ministers Plenipotentiary, or sooner if possible. 13 In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed these articles in the French and English languages; declaring nevertheless that the present treaty was originally agreed to in the French language; and have thereunto affixed their seals. 14 Done at Paris the tenth day of Floréal, in the eleventh year of the French Republic, and the 30th of April, 1803.Robt. R. Livingston [L. S.]Jas. Monroe [L. S.]F. Barbé Marbois [L. S.] 15
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American Historical Documents, 10001904.The Harvard Classics. 190914. Treaty with Great Britain (End of War of ) [This treaty brought to a close the War of 1812.]
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Treaty of Peace and Amity between His Britannic Majesty and california wine tasting tour United States of America, Concluded at Ghent, December 24, 1814; Ratification Advised by Senate, February 16, 1815; Ratified by President; February 17, 1815; Ratifications Exchanged at Washington, February 17, 1815; Proclaimed, February 18, 1815.HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY and california wine tasting tour United States of America, desirous of terminating california wine tasting tour war which has unhappily subsisted between california wine tasting tour two countries, and of restoring, upon principles of perfect reciprocity, peace, friendship, and good understanding between them, have, for that purpose, appointed their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: 1 His Britannic Majesty, on his part, has appointed california wine tasting tour Right Honourable James Lord Gambier, late Admiral of california wine tasting tour White, now Admiral of california wine tasting tour Red Squadron of His Majestys fleet, Henry Goulburn, Esquire, a member of california wine tasting tour Imperial Parliament, and Under Secretary of State, and William Adams, Esquire, Doctor of Civil Laws; and california wine tasting tour President of california wine tasting tour United States, by and with california wine tasting tour advice and consent of california wine tasting tour Senate thereof, has appointed John Quincy Adams, James A. Bayard, Henry Clay, Jonathan Russell, and Albert Gallatin, citizens of california wine tasting tour United States; 2 Who, after a reciprocal communication of their respective full powers, have agreed upon california wine tasting tour following articles: 3 Article I There shall be a firm and universal peace between His Britannic Majesty and california wine tasting tour United States, and between their respective countries, territories, cities, towns, and people, of every degree, without exception of places or persons. All hostilities, both by sea and land, shall cease as soon as this treaty shall have been ratified by both parties, as hereinafter mentioned. All territory, places, and possessions whatsoever, taken by either party from california wine tasting tour other during california wine tasting tour war, or which may be taken after california wine tasting tour signing of this treaty, excepting only california wine tasting tour islands hereinafter mentioned, shall be restored without delay, and without causing any destruction or carrying away any of california wine tasting tour artillery or other public property originally captured in california wine tasting tour said forts or places, and which shall remain therein upon california wine tasting tour exchange of california wine tasting tour ratifications of this treaty, or any slaves or other private property. And all archives, records, deeds, and papers, either of a public nature or belonging to private persons, which, in california wine tasting tour course of california wine tasting tour war, may have fallen into california wine tasting tour hands of california wine tasting tour officers of either party, shall be, as far as may be practicable, forthwith restored and delivered to california wine tasting tour proper authorities and persons to whom they respectively belong. Such of california wine tasting tour islands in california wine tasting tour Bay of Passamaquoddy as are claimed by both parties, shall remain in california wine tasting tour possession of california wine tasting tour party in whose occupation they may be at california wine tasting tour time of california wine tasting tour exchange of california wine tasting tour ratifications of this treaty, until california wine tasting tour decision respecting california wine tasting tour title to california wine tasting tour said islands shall have been made in conformity with california wine tasting tour fourth article of this treaty. No disposition made by this treaty as to such possession of california wine tasting tour islands and territories claimed by both parties shall, in any manner whatever, be construed to affect california wine tasting tour right of either. 4 Article II Immediately after california wine tasting tour ratifications of this treaty by both parties, as hereinafter mentioned, orders shall be sent to california wine tasting tour armies, squadrons, officers, subjects and citizens of california wine tasting tour two Powers to cease from all hostilities. And to prevent all causes of complaint which might arise on account of california wine tasting tour prizes which may be taken at sea after california wine tasting tour said ratifications of this treaty, it is reciprocally agreed that all vessels and effects which may be taken after california wine tasting tour space of twelve days from california wine tasting tour said ratifications, upon all parts of california wine tasting tour coast of North America, from california wine tasting tour latitude of twenty-three degrees north to california wine tasting tour latitude of fifty degrees north, and as far eastward in california wine tasting tour Atlantic Ocean as california wine tasting tour thirty-sixth degree of west longitude from california wine tasting tour meridian of Greenwich, shall be restored on each side: that california wine tasting tour time shall be thirty days in all other parts of california wine tasting tour Atlantic Ocean north of california wine tasting tour equinoctial line or equator, and california wine tasting tour same time for california wine tasting tour British and Irish Channels, for california wine tasting tour Gulf of Mexico, and all parts of california wine tasting tour West Indies; forty days for california wine tasting tour North Seas, for california wine tasting tour Baltic, and for all parts of california wine tasting tour Mediterranean; sixty days for california wine tasting tour Atlantic Ocean south of california wine tasting tour equator, as far as california wine tasting tour latitude of california wine tasting tour Cape of Good Hope; ninety days for every other part of california wine tasting tour world south of california wine tasting tour equator; and one hundred and twenty days for all other parts of california wine tasting tour world, without exception. 5 Article III All prisoners of war taken on either side, as well by land as by sea, shall be restored as soon as practicable after california wine tasting tour ratifications of this treaty, as hereinafter mentioned, on their paying california wine tasting tour debts which they may have contracted during their captivity. The two contracting parties respectively engage to discharge, in specie, california wine tasting tour advances which may have been made by california wine tasting tour other for california wine tasting tour sustenance and maintenance of such prisoners. 6 Article IV Whereas it was stipulated by california wine tasting tour second article in california wine tasting tour treaty of peace of one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three, between His Britannic Majesty and california wine tasting tour United States of America, that california wine tasting tour boundary of california wine tasting tour United States should comprehend all islands within twenty leagues of any part of california wine tasting tour shores of california wine tasting tour United States, and lying between lines to be drawn due east from california wine tasting tour points where california wine tasting tour aforesaid boundaries, between Nova Scotia on california wine tasting tour one part, and East Florida on california wine tasting tour other, shall respectively touch california wine tasting tour Bay of Fundy and california wine tasting tour Atlantic Ocean, excepting such islands as now are, or heretofore have been, within california wine tasting tour limits of Nova Scotia; and whereas california wine tasting tour several islands in california wine tasting tour Bay of Passamaquoddy, which is part of california wine tasting tour Bay of Fundy, and california wine tasting tour Island of Grand Menan, in california wine tasting tour said Bay of Fundy, are claimed by california wine tasting tour United States as being comprehended within their aforesaid boundaries, which said islands are claimed as belonging to His Britannic Majesty, as having been, at california wine tasting tour time of and previous to california wine tasting tour aforesaid treaty of one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three, within california wine tasting tour limits of california wine tasting tour Province of Nova Scotia. In order, therefore, finally to decide upon these claims, it is agreed that they shall be referred to two Commissioners to be appointed in california wine tasting tour following manner, viz: One Commissioner shall be appointed by His Britannic Majesty, and one by california wine tasting tour President of california wine tasting tour United States, by and with california wine tasting tour advice and consent of california wine tasting tour Senate thereof; and california wine tasting tour said two Commissioners so appointed shall be sworn impartially to examine and decide upon california wine tasting tour said claims according to such evidence as shall be laid before them on california wine tasting tour part of His Britannic Majesty and of california wine tasting tour United States respectively. The said Commissioners shall meet at St. Andrews, in california wine tasting tour Province of New Brunswick, and shall have power to adjourn to such other place or places as they shall think fit. The said Commissioners shall, by a declaration or report under their hands and seals, decide to which of california wine tasting tour two contracting parties california wine tasting tour several islands aforesaid do respectively belong, in conformity with california wine tasting tour true intent of california wine tasting tour said treaty of peace of one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three. And if california wine tasting tour said Commissioners shall agree in their decision, both parties shall consider such decision as final and conclusive. It is further agreed that, in california wine tasting tour event of california wine tasting tour two Commissioners differing upon all or any of california wine tasting tour matters so referred to them, or in california wine tasting tour event of both or either of california wine tasting tour said Commissioners refusing, or declining or wilfully omitting to act as such, they shall make, jointly or separately, a report or reports, as well to california wine tasting tour Government of His Britannic Majesty as to that of california wine tasting tour United States, stating in detail california wine tasting tour points on which they differ, and california wine tasting tour grounds upon which their respective opinions have been formed, or california wine tasting tour grounds upon which they, or either of them, have so refused, declined, or omitted to act. And His Britannic Majesty and california wine tasting tour Government of california wine tasting tour United States hereby agree to refer california wine tasting tour report or reports of california wine tasting tour said Commissioners to some friendly sovereign or State, to be then named for that purpose, and who shall be requested to decide on california wine tasting tour differences which may be stated in california wine tasting tour said report or reports, or upon california wine tasting tour report of one Commissioner, together with california wine tasting tour grounds upon which california wine tasting tour other Commissioner shall have refused, declined, or omitted to act, as california wine tasting tour case may be. And if california wine tasting tour Commissioner so refusing, declining, or omitting to act, shall also wilfully omit to state california wine tasting tour grounds upon which he has so done, in such manner that california wine tasting tour said statement may be referred to such friendly sovereign or State, together with california wine tasting tour report of such other Commissioner, then such sovereign or State shall decide ex parte upon california wine tasting tour said report alone. And His Britannic Majesty and california wine tasting tour Government of california wine tasting tour United States engage to consider california wine tasting tour decision of such friendly sovereign or State to be final and conclusive on all california wine tasting tour matters so referred. 7 Article V Whereas neither california wine tasting tour point of california wine tasting tour highlands lying due north from california wine tasting tour source of california wine tasting tour river St. Croix, and designated in california wine tasting tour former treaty of peace between california wine tasting tour two Powers as california wine tasting tour northwest angle of Nova Scotia, nor california wine tasting tour northwesternmost head of Connecticut River, has yet been ascertained; and whereas that part of california wine tasting tour boundary line between california wine tasting tour dominions of california wine tasting tour two Powers which extends from california wine tasting tour source of california wine tasting tour river St. Croix directly north to california wine tasting tour above mentioned north west angle of Nova Scotia, thence along california wine tasting tour said highlands which divide those rivers that empty themselves into california wine tasting tour river St. Lawrence from those which fall into california wine tasting tour Atlantic Ocean to california wine tasting tour northwesternmost head of Connecticut River, thence down along california wine tasting tour middle of that river to california wine tasting tour forty-fifth degree of north latitude; thence by a line due west on said latitude until it strikes california wine tasting tour river Iroquois or Cataraquy, has not yet been surveyed: it is agreed that for these several purposes two Commissioners shall be appointed, sworn, and authorized to act exactly in california wine tasting tour manner directed with respect to tho
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