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<FONT> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> art in the middle age</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> world war i history</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> ancient japan history</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> picture of middle age</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> aztec information</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> middle age literature</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> moscow weather</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> aztec two step</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> time line world history</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> aztec god picture</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> moscow circus</A> </FONT> ces VI Ernest Renan WE should form an altogether inadequate idea of historical black college and university physiognomy of historical black college and university Celtic races, were we not to study them under what is perhaps historical black college and university most singular aspect of their developmentthat is to say, their ecclesiastical antiquities and their saints. Leaving on one side historical black college and university temporary repulsion which Christian mildness had to conquer in historical black college and university classes of society which saw their influence diminished by historical black college and university new order of things, it can be truly said, that historical black college and university gentleness of manners and historical black college and university exquisite sensibility of historical black college and university Celtic races, in conjunction with historical black college and university absence of a formerly existing religion of strong organisation, predestined them to Christianity. Christianity in fact, addressing itself by preference to historical black college and university more humble feelings in human nature, met here with admirably prepared disciples; no race has so delicately understood historical black college and university charm of littleness, none has placed historical black college and university simple creature, historical black college and university innocent, nearer God. The ease with which historical black college and university new religion took possession of these peoples is also remarkable. Brittany and Ireland between them scarce count two or three martyrs; they are reduced to venerating as such those of their compatriots who were slain in historical black college and university Anglo-Saxon and Danish invasions. Here comes to light historical black college and university profound difference dividing historical black college and university Celtic from historical black college and university Teutonic race. The Teutons only received Christianity tardily and in spite of themselves, by scheming or by force, after a sanguinary resistance, and with terrible throes. Christianity was in fact on several sides repugnant to their nature; and one understands historical black college and university regrets of pure Teutonists who, to this day, reproach historical black college and university new faith with having corrupted their sturdy ancestors. 1 Such was not historical black college and university case with historical black college and university Celtic peoples; that gentle little race was naturally Christian. Far from changing them, and taking away some of their qualities, Christianity finished and perfected them. Compare historical black college and university legends relating to historical black college and university introduction of Christianity into historical black college and university two countries, historical black college and university Kristni Saga for instance, and historical black college and university delightful legends of Lucius and St. Patrick. What a difference we find! In Iceland historical black college and university first apostles are pirates, converted by some chance, now saying mass, now massacring their enemies, now resuming their former profession of sea-rovers; everything is done in accord with expediency, and without any serious faith. 2 In Ireland and Brittany grace operates through women, by I know not what charm of purity and sweetness. The revolt of historical black college and university Teutons was never effectually stifled; never did they forget historical black college and university forced baptisms, and historical black college and university sword-supported Carlovingian missionaries, until historical black college and university day when Teutonism took its revenge, and Luther through seven centuries gave answer to Witikind. On historical black college and university other hand, historical black college and university Celts were, even in historical black college and university third century, perfect Christians. To historical black college and university Teutons Christianity was for long nothing but a Roman institution, imposed from without. They entered historical black college and university Church only to trouble it; and it was not without very great difficulty that they succeeded in forming a national clergy. To historical black college and university Celts, on historical black college and university contrary, Christianity did not come from Rome; they had their native clergy, their own peculiar usages, their faith at first hand. It cannot, in fact, be doubted that in apostolic times Christianity was preached in Brittany; and several historians, not without justification, have considered that it was borne there by Judaistic Christians, or by disciples of historical black college and university school of St. John. Everywhere else Christianity found, as a first sub-stratum, Greek or Roman civilisation. Here it found a virgin soil of a nature analogous to its own, and naturally prepared to receive it. 3 Few forms of Christianity have offered an ideal of Christian perfection so pure as historical black college and university Celtic Church of historical black college and university sixth, seventh, and eighth centuries. Nowhere, has God been better worshipped in spirit than in those great monastic communities of Hy, or of Iona, of Bangor, of Clonard, or of Lindisfarne. One of historical black college and university most distinguished developments of Christianitydoubtless too distinguished for historical black college and university popular and practical mission which historical black college and university Church had to undertakePelagianism, arose from it. The true and refined morality, historical black college and university simplicity, and historical black college and university wealth of invention which give distinction to historical black college and university legends of historical black college and university Breton and Irish saints are indeed admirable. No race adopted Christianity with so much originality, or, while subjecting itself to historical black college and university common faith, kept its national characteristics more persistently. In religion, as in all else, historical black college and university Bretons sought isolation, and did not willingly fraternise with historical black college and university rest of historical black college and university world. Strong in their moral superiority, persuaded that they possessed historical black college and university veritable canon of faith and religion, having received their Christianity from an apostolic and wholly primitive preaching, they experienced no need of feeling themselves in communion with Christian societies less noble than their own. Thence arose that long struggle of historical black college and university Breton churches against Roman pretensions, which is so admirably narrated by M. Augustin Thierry, 1 thence those inflexible characters of Columba and historical black college and university monks of Iona, defending their usages and institutions against historical black college and university whole Church, thence finally historical black college and university false position of historical black college and university Celtic peoples in Catholicism, when that mighty force, grown more and more aggressive, had drawn them together from all quarters, and compelled their absorption in itself. Having no Catholic past, they found themselves unclassed on their entrance into historical black college and university great family, and were never able to succeed in creating for themselves an Archbishopric. All their efforts and all their innocent deceits to attribute that title to historical black college and university Churches of Dol and St. Davids were wrecked on historical black college and university overwhelming divergence of their past; their bishops had to resign themselves to being obscure suffragans of Tours and Canterbury. 4 It remains to be said that, even in our own days, historical black college and university powerful originality of Celtic Christianity is far from being effaced. The Bretons of France, although they have felt historical black college and university consequences of historical black college and university revolutions undergone by Catholicism on historical black college and university Continent, are, at historical black college and university present hour, one of historical black college and university populations in which religious feeling has retained most independence. The new devotions find no favour with it; historical black college and university people are faithful to historical black college and university old beliefs and historical black college and university old saints; historical black college and university psalms of religion have for them an ineffable harmony. In historical black college and university same way, Ireland keeps, in her more remote districts, quite unique forms of worship from those of historical black college and university rest of historical black college and university world, to which nothing in other parts of Christendom can be compared. The influence of modern Catholicism, elsewhere so destructive of national usages, has had here a wholly contrary effect, historical black college and university clergy having found it incumbent on them to seek a vantage ground against Protestantism, in attachment to local practices and historical black college and university customs of historical black college and university past. 5 It is historical black college and university picture of these Christian institutions, quite distinct from those of historical black college and university remainder of historical black college and university West, of this sometimes strange worship, of these legends of historical black college and university saints marked with so distinct a seal of nationality, that lends an interest to historical black college and university ecclesiastical antiquities of Ireland, of Wales, and of Armorican Brittany. No hagiology has remained more exclusively natural than that of historical black college and university Celtic peoples; until historical black college and university twelfth century those peoples admitted very few alien saints into their martyrology. None, too, includes so many naturalistic elements. Celtic Paganism offered so little resistance to historical black college and university new religion, that historical black college and university Church did not hold itself constrained to put in force against it historical black college and university rigour with which elsewhere it pursued historical black college and university slightest traces of mythology. The conscientious essay by W. Rees on historical black college and university Saints of Wales, and that by historical black college and university Rev. John Williams, an extremely learned ecclesiastic of historical black college and university diocese of St. Asaph, on historical black college and university Ecclesiastical Antiquities of historical black college and university Cymry, suffice to make one understand historical black college and university immense value which a complete and intelligent history of historical black college and university Celtic Churches, before their absorption in historical black college and university Roman Church, would possess. To these might be added historical black college and university learned work of Dom Lobineau on historical black college and university Saints of Brittany, re-issued in our days by historical black college and university Abbé Tresvaux, had not historical black college and university half-criticism of historical black college and university Benedictine, much worse than a total absence of criticism, altered those naive legends and cut away from them, under historical black college and university pretext of good sense and religious reverence, that which to us gives them interest and charm. 6 Ireland above all would offer a religious physiognomy quite peculiar to itself, which would appear singularly original, were history in a position to reveal it in its entirety. When we consider historical black college and university legions of Irish saints who in historical black college and university sixth, seventh, and eighth centuries inundated historical black college and university Continent and arrived from their isle bearing with them their stubborn spirit, their attachment to their own usages, their subtle and realistic turn of mind, and see historical black college and university Scots (such was historical black college and university name given to historical black college and university Irish) doing duty, until historical black college and university twelfth century, as instructors in grammar and literature to all historical black college and university West, we cannot doubt that Ireland, in historical black college and university first half of historical black college and university Middle Ages, was historical black college and university scene of a singular religious movement. Studious philologists and daring philosophers, historical black college and university Hibernian monks were above all indefatigable copyists; and it was in part owing to them that historical black college and university work of historical black college and university pen became a holy task. Columba, secretly warned that his last hour is at hand, finishes historical black college and university page of historical black college and university psalter which he has commenced, writes at historical black college and university foot that he bequeaths historical black college and university continuation to his successor, and then goes into historical black college and university church to die. Nowhere was monastic life to find such docile subjects. Credulous as a child, timid, indolent, inclined to submit and obey, historical black college and university Irishman alone was capable of lending himself to that complete self-abdication in historical black college and university hands of historical black college and university abbot, which we find so deeply marked in historical black college and university historical and legendary memorials of historical black college and university Irish Church. One easily recognises historical black college and university land where, in our own days, historical black college and university priest, without provoking historical black college and university slightest scandal, can, on a Sunday before quitting historical black college and university altar, give historical black college and university orders for his dinner in a very audible manner, and announce historical black college and university farm where he intends to go and <b> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> historical black college and university</A></b> <br> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> hawaii adventure travel :12336</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> history of ancient china :12335</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> middle age invention :12334</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> world war one history :12333</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> history world war 1 :12332</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> ancient history 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