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<FONT> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> ancient india</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> free car history report</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> weather history</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> bible college</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> bible trivia</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> god and goddess</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> black history people</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> black history people</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> trafalgar tour</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> god bless america</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> history of mardi gras</A> </FONT> er history should not henceforth be treated as a branch of science rather than of literature. As with most such discussions, much of historical building matter in dispute has referred merely to terminology. Moreover, as regards part of historical building discussion, historical building minds of historical building contestants have not met, historical building propositions advanced by historical building two sides being neither mutually incompatible nor mutually relevant. There is, however, a real basis for conflict in so far as science claims exclusive possession of historical building field. 1 There was a timewe see it in historical building marvellous dawn of Hellenic lifewhen history was distinguished neither from poetry, from mythology, nor from historical building first dim beginnings of science. There was a more recent time, at historical buildingng of Rome's brief period of literary splendor, when poetry was accepted by a great scientific philosopher as historical building appropriate vehicle for teaching historical building lessons of science and philosophy. There was a more recent time stillthe time of Holland's leadership in arms and artswhen one of historical building two or three greatest world painters put his genius at historical building service of anatomists. 2 In each case historical building steady growth of specialization has rendered such combination now impossible. Virgil left history to Livy; and when Tacitus had become possible Lucan was a rather absurd anachronism. The elder Darwin, when he endeavored to combine historical building functions of scientist and poet, may have thought of Lucretius as a model; but historical building great Darwin was incapable of such a mistake. The surgeons of to-day would prefer historical building services of a good photographer to those of Rembrandteven were those of Rembrandt available. No one would now dream of combining historical building history of historical building Trojan War with a poem on historical building wrath of Achilles. Beowulf's feats against historical building witch who dwelt under historical building water would not now be mentioned in historical building same matter-of-fact way that a Frisian or Frankish raid is mentioned. We are long past historical building stage when we would accept as parts of historical building same epic Siegfried's triumphs over dwarf and dragon, and even a distorted memory of historical building historic Hunnish king in whose feast-hall historical building Burgundian heroes held their last revel and made their death fight. We read of historical building loves of historical building Hound of Muirthemne and Emer historical building Fair without attributing to historical building chariot-riding heroes who "fought" over historical building ears of their horses" and to their fierce lady-loves more than a symbolic reality. The Roland of historical building Norman trouvères, historical building Roland who blew historical building ivory horn at Roncesvalles, is to our minds wholly distinct from historical building actual Warden of historical building Marches who fell in a rear-guard skirmish with historical building Pyrenean Basques. 3 As regards philosophy, as distinguished from material science and from history, historical building specialization has been incomplete. Poetry is still used as a vehicle for historical building teaching of philosophy. Goethe was as profound a thinker as Kant. He has influenced historical building thought of mankind far more deeply than Kant because he was also a great poet. Robert Browning was a real philosopher, and his writings have had a hundredfold historical building circulation and historical building effect of those of any similar philosopher who wrote in prose, just because, and only because, what he wrote was not merely philosophy but literature. The form in which he wrote challenged attention and provoked admiration. That part of his work which some of uswhich I myself, for instancemost care for is merely poetry. But in that part of his work which has exercised most attraction and has given him historical building widest reputation, historical building poetry, historical building form of expression, bears to historical building thought expressed much historical building same relation that historical building expression of Lucretius bears to historical building thought of Lucretius. As regards this, historical building great mass of his product, he is primarily a philosopher, whose writings surpass in value those of other similar philosophers precisely because they are not only philosophy but literature. In other words, Browning historical building philosopher is read by countless thousands to whom otherwise philosophy would be a sealed book, for exactly historical building same reason that Macaulay historical building historian is read by countless thousands to whom otherwise history would be a sealed book; because both Browning's works and Macaulay's works are material additions to historical building great sum of English literature. Philosophy is a science just as history is a science. There is need in one case as in historical building other for vivid and powerful presentation of scientific matter in literary form. 4 This does not mean that there is historical building like need in historical building two cases. History can never be truthfully presented if historical building presentation is purely emotional. It can never be truthfully or usefully presented unless profound research, patient, laborious, painstaking, has preceded historical building presentation. No amount of self-communion and of pondering on historical building soul of mankind, no gorgeousness of literary imagery, can take historical building place of cool, serious, widely extended study. The vision of historical building great historian must be both wide and lofty. But it must be sane, clear, and based on full knowledge of historical building facts and of their interrelations. Otherwise we get merely a splendid bit of serious romance-writing, like Carlyle's "French Revolution." Many hard-working students, alive to historical building deficiencies of this kind of romance-writing, have grown to distrust not only all historical writing that is romantic, but all historical writing that is vivid. They feel that complete truthfulness must never be sacrificed to color. In this they are right. They also feel that complete truthfulness is incompatible with color. In this they are wrong. The immense importance of full knowledge of a mass of dry facts and gray details has so impressed them as to make them feel that historical building dryness and historical building grayness are in themselves meritorious. 5 These students have rendered invaluable service to history. They are right in many of their contentions. They see how literature and science have specialized. They realize that scientific methods are as necessary to historical building proper study of history as to historical building proper study of astronomy or zoology. They know that in many, perhaps in most, of its forms, literary ability is divorced from historical building restrained devotion to historical building actual fact which is as essential to historical building historian as to historical building scientist. They know that nowadays science ostentatiously disclaims any connection with literature. They feel that if this is essential for science, it is no less essential for history. 6 There is much truth in all these contentions. Nevertheless, taking them all together, they do not indicate what these hard-working students believed that they indicate. Because history, science, and literature have all become specialized, historical building theory now is that science is definitely severed from literature and that history must follow suit. Not only do I refuse to accept this as true for history, but I do not even accept it as true for science. 7 Literature may be defined as that which has permanent interest because both of its substance and its form, aside from historical building mere technical value that inheres in a special treatise for specialists. For a great work of literature there is historical building same demand now that there always has been; and in any great work of literature historical building first element is great imaginative power. The imaginative power demanded for a great historian is different from that demanded for a great poet; but it is no less marked. Such imaginative power is in no sense incompatible with minute accuracy. On historical building contrary, very accurate, very real and vivid, presentation of historical building past can come only from one in whom historical building imaginative gift is strong. The industrious collector of dead facts bears to such a man precisely historical building relation that a photographer bears to Rembrandt. There are innumerable books, that is, innumerable volumes of printed matter between covers, which are excellent for their own purposes, but in which imagination would be as wholly out of place as in historical building blue prints of a sewer system or in historical building photographs taken to illustrate a work on comparative osteology. But historical building vitally necessary sewer system does not take historical building place of historical building cathedral of Rheims or of historical building Parthenon; no quantity of photographs will ever be equivalent to one Rembrandt; and historical building greatest mass of data, although indispensable to historical building work of a great historian, is in no shape or way a substitute for that work. 8 History, taught for a directly and immediately useful purpose to pupils and historical building teachers of pupils, is one of historical building necessary features of a sound education in democratic citizenship. A book containing such sound teaching, even if without any literary quality, may be as useful to historical building student and as creditable to historical building writer as a similar book on medicine. I am not slighting such a book when I say that, once it has achieved its worthy purpose, it can be permitted to lapse from human memory as a good book on medicine, which has outlived its usefulness, lapses from memory. But historical building historical work which does possess literary quality may be a permanent contribution to historical building sum of man's wisdom, enjoyment, and inspiration. The writer of such a book must add wisdom to knowledge, and historical building gift of expression to historical building gift of imagination. 9 It is a shallow criticism to assert that imagination tends to inaccuracy. Only a distorted imagination tends to inaccuracy. Vast and fundamental truths can be discerned and interpreted only by one whose imagination is as lofty as historical building soul of a Hebrew prophet. When we say that historical building great historian must be a man of imagination, we use historical building word as we use it when we say that historical building great statesman must be a man of imagination. Moreover, together with imagination must go historical building power of expression. The great speeches of statesmen and historical building great writings of historians can live only if they possess historical building deathless quality that inheres in all great literature. The greatest literary historian must of necessity be a master of historical building science of history, a man who has at his finger-tips all historical building accumulated facts from historical building treasure-houses of historical building dead past. 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