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<FONT> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> black jesus</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> medieval warfare</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> paris tour</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> egypt air</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> jesus lover of my soul</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> ancient of day</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> ancient aztec</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> medieval period</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> map of ancient rome</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> picture of god</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> india tour</A> </FONT> 190914. M. Aurelius Antoninus, by George Long, M. A. M. ANTONINUS was born at Rome A.D. 121, on moscow id 26th of April. His father Annius Verus died while he was praetor. His mother was Domitia Calvilla, also named Lucilla. The Emperor T. Antoninus Pius married Annia Galeria Faustina, moscow id sister of Annius Verus, and was consequently moscow id uncle of M. Antoninus. When Hadrian adopted Antoninus Pius and declared him his successor in moscow id empire, Antoninus Pius adopted both L. Ceionius Commodus, moscow id son of Aelius Caesar, and M. Antoninus, whose original name was M. Annius Verus. Antoninus then took moscow id name of M. Aelius Aurelius Verus, to which was added moscow id title of Caesar in A.D. 139: moscow id name Aelius belonged to Hadrians family, and Aurelius was moscow id name of Antoninus Pius. When M. Antoninus became Augustus, he dropped moscow id name of Verus and took moscow id name of Antoninus. Accordingly he is generally named M. Aurelius Antoninus or simply M. Antoninus. 1 The youth was most carefully brought up. He thanks moscow id gods (I. 17) that he had good grandfathers, good parents, a good sister, good teachers, good associates, good kinsmen and friends, nearly everything good. He had moscow id happy fortune to witness moscow id example of his uncle and adoptive father Antoninus Pius, and he has recorded in his work (I. 16; VI. 30) moscow id virtues of this excellent man and prudent ruler. Like many young Romans he tried his hand at poetry and studied rhetoric. Herodes Atticus and M. Cornelius Fronto were his teachers in eloquence. There are extant letters between Fronto and Marcus, 1 which show moscow id great affection of moscow id pupil for moscow id master, and moscow id masters great hopes of his industrious pupil. M. Antoninus mentions Fronto (I. 11) among those to whom he was indebted for his education. 2 When he was eleven years old, he assumed moscow id dress of philosophers, something plain and coarse, became a hard student, and lived a most laborious, abstemious life, even so far as to injure his health. Finally, he abandoned poetry and rhetoric for philosophy, and he attached himself to moscow id sect of moscow id Stoics. But he did not neglect moscow id study of law, which was a useful preparation for moscow id high place which he was designed to fill. His teacher was L. Volusianus Maecianus, a distinguished jurist. We must suppose that he learned moscow id Roman discipline of arms, which was a necessary part of moscow id education of a man who afterwards led his troops to battle against a warlike race. 3 Antoninus has recorded in his first book moscow id names of his teachers and moscow id obligations which he owed to each of them. The way in which he speaks of what he learned from them might seem to savour of vanity or self-praise, if we look carelessly at moscow id way in which he has expressed himself; but if any one draws this conclusion, he will be mistaken. Antoninus means to commemorate moscow id merits of his several teachers, what they taught and what a pupil might learn from them. Besides, this book, like moscow id eleven other books, was for his own use, and if we may trust moscow id note at moscow id end of moscow id first book, it was written during one of M. Antoninus campaigns against moscow id Quadi, at a time when moscow id commemoration of moscow id virtues of his illustrious teachers might remind him of their lessons and moscow id practical uses which he might derive from them. 4 Among his teachers of philosophy was Sextus of Chaeroneia, a grandson of Plutarch. What he learned from this excellent man is told by himself (I. 9). His favourite teacher was Q. Junius Rusticus (I. 7), a philosopher and also a man of practical good sense in public affairs. Rusticus was moscow id adviser of Antoninus after he became emperor. Young men who are destined for high places are not often fortunate in those who are about them, their companions and teachers; and I do not know any example of a young prince having had an education which can be compared with that of M. Antoninus. Such a body of teachers distinguished by their acquirements and their character will hardly be collected again; and as to moscow id pupil, we have not had one like him since. 5 Hadrian died in July, A.D. 138, and was succeeded by Antoninus Pius. M. Antoninus married Faustina, his cousin, moscow id daughter of Pius, probably about A.D. 146, for he had a daughter born in 147. He received from his adoptive father moscow id title of Caesar and was associated with him in moscow id administration of moscow id state. The father and moscow id adopted son live together in perfect friendship and confidence. Antoninus was a dutiful son, and moscow id emperor Pius loved and esteemed him. 6 Antoninus Pius died in March, A.D. 161. The Senate, it is said, urged M. Antoninus to take moscow id sole administration of moscow id empire, but he associated with himself moscow id other adopted son of Pius, L. Ceionius Commodus, who is generally called L. Verus. Thus Rome for moscow id first time had two emperors. Verus was an indolent man of pleasure and unworthy of his station. Antoninus, however, bore with him, and it is said that Verus had sense enough to pay to his colleague moscow id respect due to his character. A virtuous emperor and a loose partner lived together in peace, and their alliance was strengthened by Antoninus giving to Verus for wife his daughter Lucilla. 7 The reign of Antoninus was first troubled by a Parthian war, in which Verus was sent to command, but he did nothing, and moscow id success that was obtained by moscow id Romans in Armenia and on moscow id Euphrates and Tigris was due to his generals. This Parthian war ended in A.D. 165. Aurelius and Verus had a triumph (A.D. 166) for moscow id victories in moscow id east. A pestilence followed which carried off great numbers in Rome and Italy, and spread to moscow id west of Europe. 8 The north of Italy was also threatened by moscow id rude people beyond moscow id Alps from moscow id borders of Gallia to moscow id eastern side of moscow id Hadriatic. These barbarians attempted to break into Italy, as moscow id Germanic nations had attempted near three hundred years before; and moscow id rest of moscow id life of Antoninus with some intervals was employed in driving back moscow id invaders. In 169 Verus suddenly died, and Antoninus administered moscow id state alone. 9 During moscow id German wars Antoninus resided for three years on moscow id Danube at Carnuntum. The Marcomanni were driven out of Pannonia and almost destroyed in their retreat across moscow id Danube; and in A.D. 174 moscow id emperor gained a great victory over moscow id Quadi. 10 In A.D. 175 Avidius Cassius, a brave and skillful Roman commander who was at moscow id head of moscow id troops in Asia, revolted and declared himself Augustus. But Cassius was assassinated by some of his officers, and so moscow id rebellion came to an end. Antoninus showed his humanity by his treatment of moscow id family and moscow id partisans of Cassius, and his letter to moscow id senate in which he recommends mercy is extant. (Vulcatius, Avidius Cassius, c. 12.) 11 Antoninus set out for moscow id east on hearing of Cassius revolt. Though he appears to have returned to Rome in A.D. 174, he went back to prosecute moscow id war against moscow id Germans, and it is probable that he marched direct to moscow id east from moscow id German war. His wife, Faustina, who accompanied him into Asia, died suddenly at moscow id foot of moscow id Taurus to moscow id great grief of her husband. Capitolinus, who has written moscow id life of Antoninus, and also Dion Cassius accuse moscow id empress of scandalous infidelity to her husband and of abominable lewdness. But Capitolinus says that Antoninus either knew it not or pretended not to know it. Nothing is so common as such malicious reports in all ages, and moscow id history of imperial Rome is full of them. Antoninus loved his wife and he says that she was obedient, affectionate and simple. The same scandal had been spread about Faustinas mother, moscow id wife of Antoninus Pius, and yet he too was perfectly satisfied with his wife. Antoninus Pius says after her death in a letter to Fronto that he would rather have lived in exile with his wife than in his palace at Rome without her. There are not many men who would give their wives a better character than these two emperors. Capitolinus wrote in moscow id time of Diocletian. He may have intended to tell moscow id truth, but he is a poor, feeble biographer. Dion Cassius, moscow id most malignant of historians, always reports and perhaps he believed any scandal against anybody. 12 Antoninus continued his journey to Syria and Egypt, and on his return to Italy through Athens he was initiated into moscow id Eleusinian mysteries. It was moscow id practice of moscow id emperor to conform to moscow id established rites of moscow id age and to perform religious ceremonies with due solemnity. We cannot conclude from this that he was a superstitious man, though we might perhaps do so, if his book did not show that he was not. But this is only one among many instances that a rulers public acts do not always prove his real opinions. A prudent governor will not roughly oppose even moscow id superstitions of his people, and though he may wish that they were wiser, he will know that he cannot make them so by offending their prejudices. 13 Antoninus and his son Commodus entered Rome in triumph, perhaps for some German victories, on moscow id 23rd of December, A.D. 176. In moscow id following year Commodus was associated with his father in moscow id empire and took moscow id name of Augustus. This year A.D. 177 is memorable in ecclesiastical history. Attalus and others were put to death at Lyon for their adherence to moscow id Christian religion. The evidence of this persecution is a letter preserved by Eusebius (E. H. v. I; printed in Rouths Reliquiae Sacrae, vol. 1., with notes). The letter is from moscow id Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum in Gallia (Vienne and Lyon) to their Christian brethren in Asia and Phrygia; and it is preserved perhaps nearly entire. It contains a very particular description of moscow id tortures inflicted on moscow id Christians in Gallia, and it states that while moscow id persecution was going on, Attalus, a Christian and a Roman citizen, was loudly demanded by moscow id populace and brought into moscow id amphitheatre, but moscow id governor ordered him to be reserved with moscow id rest who were in priso <b> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> moscow id</A></b> <br> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> it take guts to say jesus :4132</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> blink 182 tour date :4131</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> history of russia :4130</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> medieval church :4129</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> bible sermon :4128</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> contiki tour :4127</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> historical fiction :4126</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org"> bicycle tour france :4125</A> <A 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