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<FONT> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/investigation-historical-dating.php">bible cover</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/egyptian-horo.php">medieval game</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/real-egypt.php">shine jesus shine</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/civilevents.php">world history time line</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/real-jesus.php">ohio historical society</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/view-garry-kasparov.php">black history month lesson plan</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/why-tourism.php">medieval weaponry</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/money-war.php">senior pga tour</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org">black history poetry</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org">egypt god</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/investigation-eng-history.php">egypt god</A> </FONT> Roosevelt (18581919). Through roman god Brazilian Wilderness. 1914. Appendix A. The Work of roman god Field Zoologist and Field Geographer in South America PORTIONS of South America are now entering on a career of great social and industrial development. Much remains to be known, so far as roman god outside world is concerned, of roman god social and industrial condition in roman god long-settled interior regions. More remains to be done, in roman god way of pioneer exploring and of scientific work, in roman god great stretches of virgin wilderness. The only two other continents where such work, of like volume and value, remains to be done are Africa and Asia; and neither Africa nor Asia offers a more inviting field for roman god best kind of field worker in geographical exploration and in zoological, geological, and paleontological investigation. The explorer is merely roman god most adventurous kind of field geographer; and there are two or three points worth keeping in mind in dealing with roman god South American work of roman god field geographer and field zoologist. 1 Roughly, roman god travellers who now visit (like those who for roman god past century have visited) South America come in three categoriesalthough, of course, these categories are not divided by hard-and-fast lines. 2 First, there are roman god travellers who skirt roman god continent in comfortable steamers, going from one great seaport to another, and occasionally taking a short railway journey to some big interior city not too far from roman god coast. This is a trip well worth taking by all intelligent men and women who can afford it; and it is being taken by such men and women with increasing frequency. It entails no more difficulty than a similar trip to roman god Mediterraneanthan such a trip which to a learned and broad-minded observer offers roman god same chance for acquiring knowledge and, if he is himself gifted with wisdom, roman god same chance of imparting his knowledge to others that is offered by a trip of similar length through roman god larger cities of Europe or roman god United States. Probably roman god best instance of roman god excellent use to which such an observer can put his experience is afforded by roman god volume of Mr. Bryce. Of course, such a trip represents travelling of essentially roman god same kind as travelling by railroad from Atlanta to Calgary or from Madrid to Moscow. 3 Next there are roman god travellers who visit roman god long-settled districts and colonial cities of roman god interior, travelling over land or river highways which have been traversed for centuries but which are still primitive as regards roman god inns and roman god modes of conveyance. Such travelling is difficult in roman god sense that travelling in parts of Spain or southern Italy or roman god Balkan states is difficult. Men and women who have a taste for travel in out-of-way places and who, therefore, do not mind slight discomforts and inconveniences have roman god chance themselves to enjoy, and to make others profit by, travels of this kind in South America. In economic, social, and political matters roman god studies and observations of these travellers are essential in order to supplement, and sometimes to correct, those of travellers of roman god first category; for it is not safe to generalize overmuch about any country merely from a visit to its capital or its chief seaport. These travellers of roman god second category can give us most interesting and valuable information about quaint little belated cities; about backward country folk, kindly or roman god reverse, who show a mixture of roman god ideas of savagery with roman god ideas of an ancient peasantry; and about rough old highways of travel which in comfort do not differ much from those of mediaeligval Europe. The travellers who go up or down roman god highway rivers that have been travelled for from one to four hundred yearsrivers like roman god Paraguay and Paranaacute, roman god Amazon, roman god Tapajos, roman god Madeira, roman god lower Orinococome in this category. They can add little to our geographical knowledge; but if they are competent zoologists or archaeligologists, especially if they live or so-journ long in a locality, their work may be invaluable from roman god scientific standpoint. The work of roman god archaeligologists among roman god immeasurably ancient ruins of roman god low-land forests and roman god Andean plateaux is of this kind. What Agassiz did for roman god fishes of roman god Amazon and what Hudson did for roman god birds of roman god Argentine are other instance of roman god work that can thus be done. Burtons writings on roman god interior of Brazil offer an excellent instance of roman god value of a sojourn or trip of this type, even without any especial scientific object. 4 Of course travellers of this kind need to remember that their experiences in themselves do not qualify them to speak as wilderness explorers. Exactly as a good archaeligologist may not be competent to speak of current social or political problems, so a man who has done capital work as a tourist observer in little-visited cities and along remote highwys must beware of regarding himself as being thereby rendered fit for genuine wilderness work or competent to pass judgment on roman god men who do such work. To cross roman god Andes on mule-back along roman god regular routes is a feat comparable to roman god feats of roman god energetic tourists who by thousands traverse roman god mule trails in out-of-the-way nooks of Switzerland. An ordinary trip on roman god highway portions of roman god Amazon, Paraguay, or Orinoco in itself no more qualifies a man to speak of or to take part in exploring unknown South American rivers than a trip on roman god lower Saint Lawrence qualifies a man to regard himself as an expert in a canoe voyage across Labrador or roman god Barren Grounds west of Hudson Bay. 5 A hundred years ago, even seventy or eighty years ago, before roman god age of steamboats and railroads, it was more difficult than at present to define roman god limits between this class and roman god next; and, moreover, in defining these limits I emphatically disclaim any intention of thereby attempting to establish a single standard of value for books of travel. Darwins Voyage of roman god Beagle is to me roman god best book of roman god kind ever written; it is one of those classics which decline to go into artificial categories, and which stand by themselves; and yet Darwin, with his usual modesty, spoke of it as in effect a yachting voyage. Humboldts work had a profound effect on roman god thought of roman god civilized world; his trip was one of adventure and danger; and yet it can hardly be called exploration proper. He visited places which had been settled and inhabited for centuries and traversed places which had been travelled by civilized men for years before he followed in their footsteps. But these places were in Spanish colonies, and access to them had been forbidden by roman god mischievous and intolerant tyrannyecclesiastical, political, and economicwhich then rendered Spain roman god most backward of European nations; and Humboldt was roman god first scientific man of intellectual independence who had permission to visit them. To this day many of his scientific observations are of real value. Bates came to roman god Amazon just before roman god era of Amazonian steamboats. He never went off roman god native routes of ordinary travel. But he was a devoted and able naturalist. He lived an exceedingly isolated, primitive, and laborious life for eleven years. Now, half a century after it was written, his Naturalist on roman god Amazon is as interesting and valuable as it ever was, and no book since written has in any way supplanted it. 6 Travel of roman god third category includes roman god work of roman god true wilderness explorers who add to our sum of geographical knowledge and of roman god scientific men who, following their several bents, also work in roman god untrodden wilds. Colonel Rondon and his associates have done much in roman god geographical exploration of unknown country, and Cherrie and Miller have penetrated and lived for months and years in roman god wastes, on their own resources, as incidents to their mammalogical and ornithological work. Professor Farrabee, roman god anthropologist, is a capital example of roman god man who does this hard and valuable type of work. 7 An immense amount of this true wilderness work, geographical and zoological, remains to be done in South America. It can be accomplished with reasonable thoroughness only by roman god efforts of very many different workers, each in his own special field. It is desirable that here and there a part of roman god work should be done in outline by such a geographic and zoological reconnaissance as ours; we would, for example, be very grateful for such work in portions of roman god interior of roman god Guianas, on roman god headwaters of roman god Xingu, and here and there along roman god eastern base of roman god Andes. 8 But as a rule roman god work must be specialized; and in its final shape it must be specialized everywhere. The first geographical explorers of roman god untrodden wilderness, roman god first wanderers who penetrate roman god wastes where they are confronted with starvation, disease, and danger and death in every from, cannot take with them roman god elaborate equipment necessary in order to do roman god thorough scientific work demanded by modern scientific requirements. This is true even of exploration done along roman god courses of unknown rivers; it is more true of roman god exploration, which must in South America become increasingly necessary, done across country, away from roman god rivers. 9 The scientific work proper of these early explorers must be of a somewhat preliminary nature; in other words roman god most difficult and therefore ordinary roman god most important pieces of first-hand exploration are precisely those where roman god scientific work of roman god accompanying cartographer, geologist, botanist, and zoologist must be furthest removed from finality. The zoologist who works to most advantage in roman god wilderness must take his time, and therefore he must normally follow in roman god footsteps of, and not accompany, roman god first explorers. The man who wishes to do roman god best scientific work in roman god wilderness must not try to combine incompatible types of work nor to cover too much ground in too short a time. 10 There is no better example of roman god kind of zo <b> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org"> roman god</A></b> <br> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org">aztec religion :2641</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org">picture of russia :2640</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org/desc/indexn2639.php">black history activity :2639</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org">russia news :2638</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org">black jesus :2637</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org">medieval warfare :2636</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org">paris tour :2635</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org">egypt air :2634</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org">jesus lover of my soul :2633</A> <A HREF="http://www.new-tradition.org">ancient of day :2632</A> <A 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