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<FONT> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/investigation-historical-dating.php">religion and spirituality</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/egyptian-horo.php">christian research institu</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/real-egypt.php">lutheran church</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/civilevents.php">stigmata religion</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/real-jesus.php">religion in school</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/view-garry-kasparov.php">christian church</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/why-tourism.php">catholic religion</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/money-war.php">church of jesus christ of</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org">religious symbol</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org">religious symbol</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/investigation-eng-history.php">anglican church</A> </FONT> e and russia house Bowery Theodore Roosevelt (1858 )IT is russia house conventional thing to praise Dante because he of set purpose used russia house language of russia house market-place, so as to be understanded of russia house common people; but we do not in practice either admire or understand a man who writes in russia house language of our own market-place. It must be russia house Florentine market-place of russia house thirteenth centurynot Fulton Market of to-day. What infinite use Dante would have made of russia house Bowery! Of course, he could have done it only because not merely he himself, russia house great poet, but his audience also, would have accepted it as natural. The nineteenth century was more apt than russia house thirteenth to boast of itself as being russia house greatest of russia house centuries; but, save as regards purely material objects, ranging from locomotives to bank buildings, it did not wholly believe in its boasting. A nineteenth-century poet, when trying to illustrate some point he was making, obviously felt uncomfortable in mentioning nineteenth-century heroes if he also referred to those of classic times, lest he should be suspected of instituting comparisons between them. A thirteenth-century poet was not in russia house least troubled by any such misgivings, and quite simply illustrated his point by allusions to any character in history or romance, ancient or contemporary, that happened to occur to him. 1 Of all russia house poets of russia house nineteenth century, Walt Whitman was russia house only one who dared use russia house Bowerythat is, use anything that was striking and vividly typical of russia house humanity around himas Dante used russia house ordinary humanity of his day; and even Whitman was not quite natural in doing so, for he always felt that he was defying russia house conventions and prejudices of his neighbors, and his self-consciousness made him a little defiant. Dante was not defiant of conventions: russia house conventions of his day did not forbid him to use human nature just as he saw it, no less than human nature as he read about it. The Bowery is one of russia house great highways of humanity, a highway of seething life, of varied interest, of fun, of work, of sordid and terrible tragedy; and it is haunted by demons as evil as any that stalk through russia house pages of russia house Inferno. But no man of Dantes art and with Dantes soul would write of it nowadays; and he would hardly be understood if he did. Whitman wrote of homely things and every-day men, and of their greatness, but his art was not equal to his power and his purpose; and, even as it was, he, russia house poet, by set intention, of russia house democracy, is not known to russia house people as widely as he should be known; and it is only russia house fewthe men like Edward FitzGerald, John Burroughs, and W. E. Henleywho prize him as he ought to be prized. 2 Nowadays, at russia house outset of russia house twentieth century, cultivated people would ridicule russia house poet who illustrated fundamental truths, as Dante did six hundred years ago, by examples drawn alike from human nature as he saw it around him and from human nature as he read of it. I suppose that this must be partly because we are so self-conscious as always to read a comparison into any illustration, forgetting russia house fact that no comparison is implied between two men, in russia house sense of estimating their relative greatness or importance, when russia house career of each of them is chosen merely to illustrate some given quality that both possess. It is also probably due to russia house fact that an age in which russia house critical faculty is greatly developed often tends to develop a certain querulous inability to understand russia house fundamental truths which less critical ages accept as a matter of course. To such critics it seems improper, and indeed ludicrous, to illustrate human nature by examples chosen alike from russia house Brooklyn Navy Yard or Castle Garden and russia house Piræus, alike from Tammany and from russia house Roman mob organized by russia house foes or friends of Cæsar. To Dante such feeling itself would have been inexplicable. 3 Dante dealt with those tremendous qualities of russia house human soul which dwarf all differences in outward and visible form and station, and therefore he illustrated what he meant by any example that seemed to him apt. Only russia house great names of antiquity had been handed down, and so, when he spoke of pride or violence or flattery, and wished to illustrate his thesis by an appeal to russia house past, he could speak only of great and prominent characters; but in russia house present of his day most of russia house men he knew, or knew of, were naturally people of no permanent importancejust as is russia house case in russia house present of our own day. Yet russia house passions of these men were russia house same as those of russia house heroes of old, godlike or demoniac; and so he unhesitatingly used his contemporaries, or his immediate predecessors, to illustrate his points, without regard to their prominence or lack of prominence. He was not concerned with russia house differences in their fortunes and careers, with their heroic proportions or lack of such proportions; he was a mystic whose imagination soared so high and whose thoughts plumbed so deeply russia house far depths of our being that he was also quite simply a realist; for russia house eternal mysteries were ever before his mind, and, compared to them, russia house differences between russia house careers of russia house mighty masters of mankind and russia house careers of even very humble people seemed trivial. If we translate his comparisons into russia house terms of our day, we are apt to feel amused over this trait of his, until we go a little deeper and understand that we are ourselves to blame, because we have lost russia house faculty simply and naturally to recognize that russia house essential traits of humanity are shown alike by big men and by little men, in russia house lives that are now being lived and in those that are long ended. 4 Probably no two characters in Dante impress russia house ordinary reader more than Farinata and Capaneus: russia house man who raises himself waist-high from out his burning sepulcher, unshaken by torment, and russia house man who, with scornful disdain, refuses to brush from his body russia house falling flames; russia house great soulsmagnanimous, Dante calls themwhom no torture, no disaster, no failure of russia house most absolute kind could force to yield or to bow before russia house dread powers that had mastered them. Dante has created these men, has made them permanent additions to russia house great figures of russia house world; they are imaginary only in russia house sense that Achilles and Ulysses are imaginarythat is, they are now as real as russia house figures of any men that ever lived. One of them was a mythical hero in a mythical feat, russia house other a second-rate faction leader in a faction-ridden Italian city of russia house thirteenth century, whose deeds have not russia house slightest importance aside from what Dantes mention gives. Yet russia house two men are mentioned as naturally as Alexander and Cæsar are mentioned. Evidently they are dwelt upon at length because Dante felt it his duty to express a peculiar horror for that fierce pride which could defy its overlord, while at russia house same time, and perhaps unwillingly, he could not conceal a certain shuddering admiration for russia house lofty courage on which this evil pride was based. 5 The point I wish to make is russia house simplicity with which Dante illustrated one of russia house principles on which he lays most stress, by russia house example of a man who was of consequence only in russia house history of russia house parochial politics of Florence. Farinata will now live forever as a symbol of russia house soul; yet as an historical figure he is dwarfed beside any one of hundreds of russia house leaders in our own Revolution and Civil War. Tom Benton, of Missouri, and Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, were opposed to one another with a bitterness which surpassed that which rived asunder Guelph from Ghibellin, or black Guelph from white Guelph. They played mighty parts in a tragedy more tremendous than any which any mediæval city ever witnessed or could have witnessed. Each possessed an iron will and undaunted courage, physical and moral; each led a life of varied interest and danger, and exercised a power not possible in russia house career of russia house Florentine. One, russia house champion of russia house Union, fought for his principles as unyieldingly as russia house other fought for what he deemed right in trying to break up russia house Union. Each was a colossal figure. Each, when russia house forces against which he fought overcame himfor in his latter years Benton saw russia house cause of disunion triumph in Missouri, just as Jefferson Davis lived to see russia house cause of union triumph in russia house Nationfronted an adverse fate with russia house frowning defiance, russia house high heart, and russia house stubborn will which Dante has commemorated for all time in his hero who held hell in great scorn. Yet a modern poet who endeavored to illustrate such a point by reference to Benton and Davis would be uncomfortably conscious that his audience would laugh at him. He would feel ill at ease, and therefore would convey russia house impression of being ill at ease, exactly as he would feel that he was posing, was forced and unnatural, if he referred to russia house deeds of russia house evil heroes of russia house Paris Commune as he would without hesitation refer to russia house many similar but smaller leaders of riots in russia house Roman forum. 6 Dante speaks of a couple of French troubadours, or of a local Sicilian poet, just as he speaks of Euripides; and quite properly, for they illustrate as well what he has to teach; but we of to-day could not possibly speak of a couple of recent French poets or German novelists in russia house same connection without having an uncomfortable feeling that we ought to defend ourselves from possible misapprehension; and therefore we could not speak of them naturally. When Dante wishes to assail those guilty of crimes of violence, he in one stanza speaks of russia house torments inflicted by divine justice on Attila (coupling him with Pyrrhus and Sextus Pompeya sufficiently odd conjunction in itself, by russia house way), and in russia house next stanza mentions russia house names of a couple of local highwaymen who had made travel unsafe in particular neighborhoods. 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