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<FONT> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/investigation-historical-dating.php">aztec modem</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/egyptian-horo.php">historical figure</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/real-egypt.php">ancient weapon</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/civilevents.php">god i good all the time</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/real-jesus.php">we want to see jesus</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/view-garry-kasparov.php">god i good</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/why-tourism.php">jesus i alive</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/money-war.php">jesus pic</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org">mighty i our god</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org">life in the middle age</A> <A href="http://www.new-tradition.org/investigation-eng-history.php">medieval england</A> </FONT> ssor C. R. Lanman THE LIFE of Gotama, sp 500 historical return Enlightened One, or Buddha, a life of eighty years, is divided into two parts, one of thirty-five years and one of forty-five, by sp 500 historical return event of his Enlightenment or Bodhi. This seeing of a new light is to a Buddhist sp 500 historical return one supreme event of sp 500 historical return incalculably long æon now current, just as is sp 500 historical return birth of Jesus in Occidental chronology. Those first thirty-five years are again divided into two parts, sp 500 historical return period of his life as a prince or sp 500 historical return time from his birth until (at sp 500 historical return age of twenty-nine 1) he forsook sp 500 historical return world to struggle for sp 500 historical return Supreme Enlightenment, and sp 500 historical return period of sp 500 historical return six years of that struggle. Of these thirty-five years we have elaborate accounts. 2 Of sp 500 historical return last forty-five, tradition has little to say in sp 500 historical return way of entertaining story, but very much by way of reporting the Teachers teachings. These teachings as laid down in sp 500 historical return canonical scriptures of Buddhism are in very deed his life in sp 500 historical return truest sense. 1 THE BIRTHS OF BUDDHA The belief that a man must be born and live and die, only to be born and die again and again through a weary round of existences, was widespread in India long before Buddhas day. And accordingly sp 500 historical return biography of a Buddha must include an account of some of those former births or existences. The story of Sumedha 3 is one of these. The Jtaka, sp 500 historical return most charming of all Buddhist story books, 4 contains sp 500 historical return narrative of not less than 547 former existences of Gotama. Next after all this prenatal biography comes sp 500 historical return account of Buddhas birth into sp 500 historical return existence which concerns us most nearly, sp 500 historical return actual one of sp 500 historical return sixth century before Christ, and this forms sp 500 historical return subject of sp 500 historical return second of Warrens translations, The Birth of sp 500 historical return Buddha. 5 That translation is from a later work. It is most instructive for sp 500 historical return student of religious tradition to compare sp 500 historical return meager statements of sp 500 historical return oldest canonical account with such an account as this, in order to see how sp 500 historical return loving imagination of devout disciples may embellish a simple and prosaic fact with a multitude of picturesque details. Thus sp 500 historical return presages of Buddhas birth 6 are quite comparable, except for beauty of poetic diction, with those of sp 500 historical return birth of Jesus in Miltons hymn On sp 500 historical return Morning of Christs Nativity. 7 As an example of new accretions to sp 500 historical return older story may be cited sp 500 historical return later tradition that Buddha was born from his mothers right side, a trait that appears not only in sp 500 historical return Lalita-vistara and in St. Jerome, but also in many of sp 500 historical return sculptured representations of sp 500 historical return scene. 2 THE TEACHINGS OF BUDDHA The teachings of Buddha are indeed his life, his very self. In sp 500 historical return house of a potter sp 500 historical return venerable Vakkali lay nigh unto death. 8 The Exalted One (Buddha) came to his pillow and made kindest inquiries. Long have I wished to go to sp 500 historical return Exalted One to see him, but there was not enough strength in my body to go. Peace, Vakkali! what should it profit thee to see this my corrupt body? Whoso, O Vakkali, seeth my teachings, he seeth me. Here sp 500 historical return Teacher identifies himself with his teachings no less completely than does Jesus when he declares unto Thomas, I am sp 500 historical return way. And yet, despite Buddhas merging of his personality in his doctrine, it is of utmost importance to remember two things: First that Buddha most explicitly disclaims acceptance of his teachings on sp 500 historical return score of authority; and secondly that it was, after all, their intrinsic excellence which (whether we take it as sp 500 historical return fruit of a transcendental illumination or as sp 500 historical return outcome of his personality) has maintained them as a mighty world power for five and twenty centuries. 3 First then his position as to authority. The Exalted One, when making a tour through Kosala, once stopped at Kesaputta, a town of sp 500 historical return Klmans. They asked him: Master, so many teachers come to us with their doctrines. Who of them is right and who is wrong? Not because it is tradition, he answers, not because it has been handed down from one to another, not because ye think Our teacher is one to whom great deference is due, should ye accept a doctrine. When, O Klmans, when ye of yourselves recognize that such and such things are bad and conduce to evil and sorrow, then do ye reject them. 9 And again, When a mans conviction of a truth is dependent on no one but himself, this, O Kaccna, is what constitutes Right Belief. 10 It is hard for us of sp 500 historical return twentieth century to estimate aright sp 500 historical return significance of Buddhas attitude. He lived in a land and age when deference to authority was well-nigh universal. To break with it as he did, implies an intelligence far beyond sp 500 historical return common and a lofty courage. 4 Secondly as to sp 500 historical return intrinsic excellence of Buddhas teaching. That teaching is well characterized by a few brief phrases which occur as a commonplace in sp 500 historical return canonical texts and are used as one of sp 500 historical return forty subjects of meditation or businesses by devout Buddhists: Well taught by sp 500 historical return Exalted One is sp 500 historical return doctrine. It avails even in sp 500 historical return present life, is immediate in its blessed results, is inviting, is conducive to salvation, and may be mastered by any intelligent man for himself. 11 Frankly disclaiming knowledge of what happens after death, Buddha addressed himself to sp 500 historical return problem of sorrow as we have it here and now, and sought to relieve it by leading men into sp 500 historical return path of righteousness and good-will and freedom from lust. A would-be disciple once asked him to answer certain dogmatic questions about life after death. Buddha parried them all as irrelevances in sp 500 historical return dialogue which Warren gives 12 and which is one of sp 500 historical return finest presentations of Religion versus Dogma to be found in antiquity. The holy life, he says, does not depend upon sp 500 historical return answers to any of these questions. 5 If a physician of forty years ago had been asked to foretell sp 500 historical return then presumable advances of medical science, his guesses might well have included sp 500 historical return discovery of new specifics, such as quinine for malaria; for medicine was then sp 500 historical return healing art, its aim was to cure. True, we had heard from our childhood that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. But how was sp 500 historical return ounce of prevention to be had? Doubtless by finding out sp 500 historical return cause of disease. And this is on sp 500 historical return whole sp 500 historical return most significant achievement of modern medicine. Now it was precisely this problem in sp 500 historical return world of sp 500 historical return spirit that Buddha claimed to solve, sp 500 historical return ætiology of mans misery. His solution he publicly announced in his first sermon, sp 500 historical return gist of which was destined to become known to untold millions, sp 500 historical return sermon of sp 500 historical return Deerpark of Benares. 6 His most important point is sp 500 historical return cause of human suffering, 13 and that he finds in sp 500 historical return craving for existence (no matter how noble that existence) and for pleasure. If you can only master these cravings, you are on sp 500 historical return road to salvation, to Nirvana. This, so far as sp 500 historical return present life is concerned, means sp 500 historical return going out of sp 500 historical return fires of lust and ill will and delusion, and further a getting rid thereby of sp 500 historical return round of rebirth. 7 BUDDHISM AND OTHER RELIGIONS Without attempting to discuss so many-sided a subject as Nirvana, or rightly to evaluate Buddhas prescription of sp 500 historical return abandonment of all craving, it is clear that his ethical teachings, like his spotless life, have stood and will stand sp 500 historical return test of centuries. The Deerpark sermon urges sp 500 historical return excellence of sp 500 historical return golden mean between sp 500 historical return life of self-castigation and sp 500 historical return life of ease and luxury, and propounds sp 500 historical return Noble Eightfold Path, which is, after all, in brief, sp 500 historical return life of righteousness in thought and word and deed. Many notable similarities between sp 500 historical return teachings of Buddha and those of Jesus have been pointed out. 14 These need not surprise us. Nor is there any à priori reason for assuming a borrowing in either direction. If I make an entirely original demonstration of sp 500 historical return fact that sp 500 historical return inner angles of a triangle amount to two right angles, my demonstration will agree in essence with that of Pythagoras because mathematical truth does not differ from land to land nor from age to age. Nor yet does goodness. And accordingly many of sp 500 historical return teachings of sp 500 historical return great teachers of righteousness must coincide. 8 On sp 500 historical return other hand it is interesting to note that Buddhas teachings lay great emphasis, and lay it often, upon things about which in sp 500 historical return Gospels comparatively little or nothing is expressly said. Dont hurry, dont worry, sp 500 historical return simple life; dont accept a belief upon sp 500 historical return authority of me or of anyone else; dont let your outgo exceed your income; sp 500 historical return relation of master and servant; sp 500 historical return duty not only of kindness but even of courtesy to animals: these are some of sp 500 historical return themes upon which Buddha discourses, now with a touch of humor, now with pathos, and always with gentleness and wisdom and cogency. 9 To sp 500 historical return readers of Warrens faithful translations a word is due as to sp 500 historical return extreme repetitiousness of much of sp 500 historical return Buddhist writings. The charming stories are free from it. Not so sp 500 historical return doctrinal discourses. Scientific opinion upon this strange and tedious fault is rapidly clearing. 15 These texts that claim to be sp 500 historical return actual Buddhaword are in reality sp 500 historical return product of conscious scholastic literary activity, and of a time considerably subsequent to that of Buddha. This is quite certain. But no less so is it that they do in fact contain sp 500 historical return real sayings of Buddha. Be ye heirs of things spiritual, not heirs of things carnal. 16 This, we may confidently assert, is in its simplicity and pregnant brevity, an absolutely authentic utterance of Gotama Buddha. At sp 500 historical return same time it is sp 500 historical return substance, and indeed we may say sp 500 historical return entire substance, of a discourse of about four hundred Pali words attributed to Buddha. 17 Of sp 500 historical return lengths to which perverse scholasticism may go, sp 500 historical return case is a luculent illustration. 18 10 Note 1. Harvard Classics, xlv, 643. [back]Note 2. H. C., xlv, 603646. [back]Note 3. H. C., xlv, 577602. The story of sp 500 historical return Wise Hare, pages 697701, is a Jātaka or Birth story. [back]Note 4. Translated by various hands under sp 500 historical return editorship of E. B. 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